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| Andzrej Stankiewicz provides this caption: Józio, son of Artur, Jurek, son of Stach, my aunt Irena, Janek, younger brother of Jurek, and Seweryn Jan, my father. |
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| "Józef Piłsudski decorates officers with the Virtuti Militari cross for disarming the Germans in 1918" Source |
Five
years ago, on November 18, 2015, Piotr Rybak, a troublemaking buffoon, burned a
Jew in effigy in Wroclaw, Poland.
As
reported by the JTA: "Rybak's defense attorney reminded the court that
the effigy — which included a black hat, beard, side curls and black clothing —
was burnt during a demonstration against the taking in of Muslim refugees and
not against the Jewish community. Rybak had previously told the court that the
effigy was meant to represent philanthropist George Soros, an American Jewish
billionaire."
The prosecuting
attorney, Katarzyna Zagwojska, saw things differently. "For everyone
living in Poland after World War II it is a clear statement of the terms 'burning'
and 'a Jew.' This gesture should be read as a threat of annihilation, eg. by
burning."
Rybak
was sentenced to ten, then three months in prison. The judge, Robert Zdych, said,
"It was a shameful act because he showed Poland in the eyes of the world
as a country of xenophobes."
Rybak
remains active, and he continues to commit crimes. See here.
When I
heard about Rybak burning a Jew in effigy, I was distraught. I have no way of
responding to powerful haters who makes headlines around the world. I have no
way of reaching the Jews who were offended, frightened, and disgusted by Rybak's
crime.
I
just did not know what to do, but I knew I had to do something.
I
posted about Rybak's hate crime, here.
I
decided to post ten posts dedicated to Polish Jews. That series of posts begins
here.
I posted salutes to Jankiel, Queen Esterka, the Slovak Jew who saved my mother's
life, Hayom Salomon, Abraham Prochownik, and Saul Wahl. I am very grateful to
Michal Karski for his guest blog posts saluting to Marian Hemar, Adam Aston, and
Henry Vars.
I also
saluted Jurek Leder.
When
I was doing the research for Bieganski:
The Brute Polak Stereotype, I encountered many remarkable stories that
I could never reference in my work or share with anyone. They were destined to
remain in my memory. As I wrote in 2015:
I was doing a massive amount of reading
that would inform the book Bieganski. I read Polish history, Jewish history,
Polish-Jewish history. I read about stereotypes. I read about the Holocaust and
I read about other atrocities including the Rwandan and Cambodian genocides. I
read memoirs, scholarly and newspaper articles and internet postings by average
Joes. Thousands of pages. Authors long dead and very much alive and still
punching. I eventually received emails or phone calls from many of the players
in Polish-Jewish relations. I was swimming in an ocean of words so vast that I
could not see dry land.
In all that verbiage, I have forgotten
plenty of things. Sometimes I stumble across a book, think, "I should read
this book," and realize that I'd read it, reviewed it, and quoted it.
There
are passages that, for whatever reason, moved me so much I have never shaken them.
One concerned Jurek Leder, mentioned in Mary Berg's Warsaw
Diary. Mary Berg wrote:
Jurek Leder, my close friend, who now
works for the Jewish police, is also a passionate Polish patriot. 'If only I
could get out and join the partisans!' He says. 'At least I could fight for
Poland then. I love my country and even if a hundred anti-Semites try to
convince me that I am not a Pole I'll prove it with my fists if not my words.'
Leder's father is a captain in the Polish army and is presently interned in
Russia. [One must assume that Leder's father was murdered, along with other
Polish military officers, at places like Katyn.]
There are many such Jews who would gladly
sacrifice their lives for Poland who, at present, are working in the
underground. There are many Jews who grit their teeth and keep silent, and
blush with shame and humiliation when, as sometimes happens, a Pole throws a
stone from the other side of the walls into the ghetto. Recently, on Chlodna
Street, Poles passing by in trucks hurled stones at showcases and windows of
private apartments, emitting wild cries of triumph as they rode by.
Some Jews are ashamed to admit that
Poland is their fatherland, although they love it, because they remember how
often their Polish co-citizens have said to them, 'Go back to Palestine, Jew,'
or how, at the University, the Jewish students were assigned to the ghetto
benches and were often attacked by many Gentiles students for no other crime
than their Jewish faith. It is a fact that many Gentiles in Warsaw have been
infected by Hitler's propaganda. Naturally, there are people who see the error
of such ways, but they are afraid to say anything because they would at once be
accused of having a Jewish grandfather or grandmother or even of having been
bribed by the Jews.
Only a few, and these are members of the
working-class parties, speak up openly, and these, for the most part, are
fighting in the partisan units. If all the Aryan Poles got together and tried
to help the Jews in the ghetto, they could do a great deal for us. For
instance, they could procure Aryan certificates for many Jews, give them
shelter in their homes, facilitate their escape over the walls, and so on and
so forth. But of course it's easier to throw stones into the ghetto."
My
blog post saluting Jurek Leder contains further resources addressing Berg's
charges about Poles not helping enough. You can see that here.
After
I posted that blog post, Jurek Leder retreated back into my memory. He was a
real person, not a fictional character, and he was not famous, so I never
thought I'd ever encounter any mention of Jurek again. He would, of course, continue
to live in my memory and my heart, as a Jew who faced Polish anti-Semitism and
wanted to fight for Poland, a country he and I both love.
Imagine
how surprised and moved I was late last year when I received an email, out of
the blue, from Andrzej Stankiewicz, who is related to Jurek Leder. Andrzej was
kind enough to send me photos, so I could put a face to the name, and a brief account
of how Jurek passed. I asked Andrzej permission to share this material on the
blog, and Andrzej kindly granted permission.
It's
been seven months since we corresponded, and I'm only posting this material
now. Why did it take me so long?
I knew
I would get choked up. In fact I am holding back tears right now.
There
has been so much suffering, and so much injustice, on planet Earth. I read
about it for my dissertation. One of the most haunting sentences I read was about
the Cambodian genocide. It appeared in the New York Times many years
ago. Prisoners in the Tuol Sleng prison were tortured till they confessed to
anything their captors wanted them to confess to. As at Auschwitz, the demons
at Tuol Sleng kept detailed notes, and photographed their victims. The New
York Times reported that there is so much documentation on the Cambodian
genocide that no one will probably ever read all of it. In fact, my spell check
underlines the words "Tuol Sleng" in red, as if I am misspelling them.
That is how little attention has been paid to this prison, where over 18,000
people were tortured to death.
That
sentence – about no one ever reading all the documentation on the Cambodian
genocide – broke my heart. It's bad enough to be tortured and murdered by madmen.
It's somehow worse, in my mind, never to have your story heard by any single
other human being.
The
least I could do is remember the name of one person, the story of one person,
and I have tried to do that. Thus, I remember Jurek Leder. When Andrzej reached
out to me with is actual photo and a bit more of his story, it moved me deeply.
Andrzej's
photos and email text are below.
Here is the promised photograph of Jurek
Leder and his cousins.
In the photograph, from left to right:
Józio, son of Artur, Jurek, son of Stach, my aunt Irena, Janek, younger brother
of Jurek, and Seweryn Jan, my father. The picture was taken shortly before the
war. Of those five only my aunt and my father survived, because my grandmother
decided to flee Łódź with her children in November 1939, on the very day when Jews
were told to start wearing the yellow armbands. They went to the East and after
an illegal night-crossing of the German-Soviet border they reunited with my
grandfather who was already there. My great grandmother Ewa refused to go with
them and perished in the Warsaw ghetto two or three years later.
In the other photograph you can see the
grave of Jurek Leder at the Brodno cemetery in Warsaw. The headstone was funded
by his father, Stach, who had survived the war and emigrated to Israel where he
died in 1966.
Within the family, there are two
versions of the circumstances of Jurek's death. One says that he was shot by
the Germans during an action in the neighborhood of Plac Zbawiciela in Warsaw.
The other says that he was captured by the Germans and committed suicide, in
order not to disclose his comrades. He was posthumously distinguished with the
Virtuti Militari cross.
About
the Virtuti Militari cross awarded to Jurek Leder: "The War Order of
Virtuti Militari (Latin: "For Military Virtue", Polish: Order Wojenny
Virtuti Militari) is Poland's highest military decoration for heroism and
courage in the face of the enemy at war. It was created in 1792 by Polish King
Stanisław II August and is one of the oldest military decorations in the world
still in use." (Wikipedia)
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| Marshal Józef Piłsudski decorates with the Silver Cross of the Order of Virtuti Militari the banner of the 1st Krechowiecki Lancers Regiment, Tomaszów Lubelski, 20 March. Leonard Winterowski |
